Externalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Externalities - Essay Example , suggestions will be produced in regards to whether Profit Ltd should grasp upon changes because of thought of externalities or it should endeavor to oppose the change with the assistance of anteroom gatherings. The target of this exploration paper is to fuse exhaustive comprehension of the idea of externalities and different issues according to guidelines towards externalities. Externalities happen when the makers or buyers of products and ventures accidentally make aberrant effects upon different makers or shoppers of merchandise and enterprises (Zilberman, 1999). Externality is such a part of the economy that in spite of the fact that it doesn't delineate any fiscal impact upon the makers or purchasers of products and enterprises however bears an effect upon the society’s way of life. A large portion of the financial analysts believe externalities to be a market disappointment. This is on the grounds that upon the event of externalities, the market costs don't speak to the real minimal expenses or advantages combined with the products and ventures managed in the market. The idea of externalities can be noticeably connected with the exercises identified with creation or utilization or both. Both creation just as utilization externalities happen when the particular exercises of creation and utilization of one individual incurs expenses and advantages towards the others that are not spread exactly over the span of different market activities (Zilberman, 1999). Externalities can be either positive or negative. Positive externalities happen when the individuals’ activities create benefits for the others. The idea of positive externalities can be best comprehended through refering to the case of innovative invade. The positive externalities in such manner happen when a creation of a firm advantages the whole society because of the mechanical up degree alongside the firm. Then again, negative externalities happen when the activity of one individual produces hurtful

Self leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self authority - Essay Example The goal of this examination is self-authority as a procedure over the span of which individuals impact themselves to accomplish the self-course and self-inspiration required to perform. Self-authority immerses conduct just as subjective methodologies that are envisioned to emphatically control outcomes. Self-appraisal can direct to the acknowledgment of practices that should be changed, improved, or wiped out. This establishment of self-evaluation enables the person to turn out to be progressively powerful in laying out close to home objectives that may demonstrate the best approach to improved execution. Self-rewards, be that as it may, can be utilized to fortify alluring practices and objective achievement. Wanted practices can be formed without anyone else prizes and self-discipline overwhelmingly when utilized warily and saved for fundamentally negative practices. At long last, the nonstop act of wanted practices preceding real execution can allow the revision of issues and the avoidance of expensive miscues. To put it plainly, self administration permits empowering productive, attractive practices that lead to winning results, while keeping down negative, undesirable practices that approval to fruitless outcomes. A great deal of individual execution tribulations result from useless reasoning. Such ambiguous and twisted considerations for the most part come about because of fundamental broken presumptions and convictions that are over and over incited by distressing or horrendous circumstances. Thought self-initiative infers that a self-examination methodology one can recognize broken convictions and suspicions as well as stand up to and supplanted them with progressively sound ones (Burns, 1992). What we subtly let ourselves know can be characterized as Self-talk or self-discourse (Manz, 1992). Since people survey, guide, and respond to themselves intellectually in this way this self-talk as a general rule happens at unnoticeable stages (Manz, 1992). Over the span of the efficacious work of self-talk methodologies, individual can discover to smother and deject cynical and negative self-talk while empowering hopeful self-exchanges (Seligman, 1991). Supplanting broken and negative self-talk designs with useful internal exchanges can upgrade the presentation (Manz and Neck, 1999). Confidence has a positive connection with physical and psychological well-being, and simultaneously it awards one the capacity to wade through unpleasant circumstances (Fahey, 1998). As indicated by Scheier and Carver (1992) an idealistic perspective give benefits on what individuals achieve and what individuals are able to pull off in the midst of misfortune. So, self-initiative recommends that an individual’s execution levels can be improved in the event that he has hopeful, open door engaged and productive however patters instead of critical, impediment engaged and useless idea designs. To summarize self-authority hypothesis attests that conduct and intellectual systems will in general have a

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 10th, 2019

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Essay On The Short Story Sonnys Blues

Sonny’s Blues of Hatred, Misery and Love Sonny’s Blues of Hatred, Misery and Love I. Introduction The story Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin (1957) explores the theme of suffering experienced by Black Americans as individuals fettered by discrimination, unemployment, housing problems, drug addiction, imprisonment, and suicide. It features the struggle of two brothers separated and caught in the entanglements of time, space, and ideals. II. Body The unnamed Narrator who is relatively well-off between the two siblings struggles to understand his suicidal yet talented brother Sonny while the latter finds difficulty in coping up with the mediocrity that engulfs him. Effective communication is crucial in the story of two brothers with different visions in life where rage and fury may explode at split seconds to put an end to one dear life of a prodigy. Readers are then invited to journey with the Narrator as he reveals his discoveries through memories of their childhood, of their mother and father, and of their Harlem community. In the first part, when the Narrator heard of his brother’s imprisonment due to drugs abuse, floods of memories came rushing in and he trembled upon thinking what his brother could have been getting through. He asks, â€Å"†¦why does he want to die?† He was very scared. Thus in paragraph 2: â€Å"A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day long.† His reflection is extended in the street as he wonders what most of the young could be doing secretly in the ground. It was a hint of a decaying life and destructed future. The Narrator is a witness to all problems that affected his brother, he tends to be indifferent to all of these if not possessing a strong character in meeting the challenges in his community and of his race. As the speaker fetched Sonny who is finally freed after seven years of incarceration and long silence, they passed through the â€Å"killing streets of their childhood†¦ streets that hadn’t changed.† It is quite nostalgic and seems an awkward moment for the speaker. Moreover, while the Narrator observes that â€Å"though housing projects jutted up†¦ houses exactly like the houses of our past yet dominated the landscape.† This brings to the fore the question of change. In the Narrator’s mind is the anxiety whether Sonny can ever change his perspective of a future. In the past, he saves his patience treating his brother as merely a child who will someday mature and realize things over to himself. The Narrator understands him the way he would understand him or herself as a child or a growing man or woman who may possess a strong character but may easily be swayed and confused by a rather unhealthy environment such as of their childhood. Eventually, the Narrator’s new life in marriage separated the two brothers and brought them together again upon their mother’s death whose will was for the Narrator to take care of his brother. Once, in a gathering of church people, his mother shared about the death of his uncle that his father struggled for quite long. His uncle was not merely a victim of hit-and-run but a victim of bigotry. He died in the street because he was a Black drunk man poked fun about by White drunk men. The mother reminded the speaker that her revelation is not meant â€Å"to make you scared or bitter or to make you hate anybody† but purely for the sake of a younger brother Sonny. Unconsciously, it is an epiphany that the Narrator would later acknowledge. The memory is as vivid as in her mother’s own narrative: â€Å"His brother got killed when he was a little younger than you are now.† His father does not speak about it because it was too painful. Death because of the c olor of one’s skin is just a terrible fact in the contemporary times. Thus, when the mother died, the Narrator assumes the responsibility of taking care of Sonny but one of his regrets would be not listening enough to Sonny who is all too passionate with music the way he believes â€Å"one must have much suffering to be able to sing beautifully† and thus, any human being must listen more attentively to music. In the end, the Narrator realized that â€Å"All I know about music is that not too many people ever really hear it.† It takes for Sonny to run away to manage things on his own at the same time for the Narrator to build his trust upon his brother that he can handle himself and in fact make a successful career out of his passion that he and his wife Isabel as well as Isabel’s folks supported by providing Sonny the facility of home and a piano. Of course, his rebellious action then gravely hurt Isabel, her folks and most importantly, his brother not out of humiliation but of frustration in understanding his thoughts, attitudes, and character. For Sonny, music was his way of expression, communication, and redemption. In the past, his brother thought it was something not serious and which does not promise a good living. Sonny was consistent with such dream while his main frustration then in Harlem was â€Å"to get away from drugs.† He was caught in this self-destructing world though many times he thought â€Å"I needed a fix, I needed a place to lean, I needed a clear space to listen†¦ and I couldn’t find it.† The story therefore employs suffering as a general experience but which has particular impact in every individual. Like any familial relationship, the two brothers experience the fears of separation, academic challenges, and career search in stages of life from childhood to adulthood. The Narrator wants to be carefree and protective as much as possible with his brother while the latter is more expressive of his fury but not his deeper desires. In a way, they are both naà ¯ve of each one’s feelings although in the end, they would reconcile to each one’s experiences, forgive one’s self as well as forgive the past. III. Conclusion To conclude, both characters grew in the same problematic community but travailed two different paths. The Narrator is happy in both his career and relationship with a teaching position, a wife, and children. However, he is haunted by his seeming failure in taking his brother out of trouble. Meanwhile, Sonny is unable to articulate his hatred and love of his family and the society at large in a way that his brother would easily understand. The interesting resolution in the end of the story is weaved by a touch of musical education and appreciation: how feelings are manifested in music and why good music is born. This documents how repressed feelings of marginalized sectors are translated in music and song. Albert sees such music particularly blues as â€Å"a state of being and as music† that is the bone of the story. This reminds us of the historicity and wealth of Black music and artistry that even White Americans later would hail and emulate. Listening is a simple skill yet a hard one for humans. It entails the discipline of valuing others and paying deeper attention to other’s feelings, thoughts, and opinions. Individuals may have tendency to be egocentric that sometimes they are not aware that they have not been listening or are not listening enough to others. Instead, they are more drowned in their own pathetic world. This leads to miscommunication and misunderstanding as well as petty quarrels to suicidal acts that may have been prevented in the first place. To quote Sonny’s musical reference of the Black people’s humanity: â€Å"†¦all that hatred and misery and love. It’s a wonder it doesn’t blow the avenue apart.† The Narrator could have not narrated how music is played in the bar the way he is able to send the details of the phenomena if he is not listening enough to his brother Sonny. Sending him a drink whereby his brother responded with a nod was a brotherly moment of finding unity and peace at last. Works Cited Albert, Richard N. â€Å"The Jazz-Blues Motif in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues†. Jstor. College Literature, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Spring, 1984), pp. 178-185. Web. 13 July 2013. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25111592 Baldwin, James. Sonny’s Blues. Southwest Career and Technical Academy. Web. 13 July 2013. PDF File. http://swcta.net/moore/files/2012/02/sonnysblues.pdf

Crystal Eastman, Feminist, Civil Libertarian, Pacifist

Crystal Eastman (June 25, 1881–July 8, 1928) was a lawyer and writer who was involved in socialism, the peace movement, women’s issues, and civil liberties. Her popular essay,  Now We Can Begin: What’s Next?: Beyond Woman Suffrage addressed what women needed to do after winning suffrage, to take advantage of the vote. She was also a co-founder of the American Civil Liberties Union. Fast Facts: Crystal Eastman Known For: Lawyer, writer, and organizer who was involved in socialism, the peace movement, women’s issues, civil liberties. Co-founder of the American Civil Liberties UnionAlso Known As: Crystal Catherine EastmanBorn: June 25, 1881 in Marlborough, MassachusettsParents: Samuel Elijah Eastman, Annis Bertha FordDied: July 8, 1928Education: Vassar College  (Master of Arts in sociology, 1903), Columbia University  (1904), New York University Law School (J.D., 1907)Published Works: The Liberator (socialist newspaper established by Eastman and her brother Max),  Now We Can Begin: What’s Next?: Beyond Woman Suffrage (influential feminist essay)Awards and Honors: National Womens Hall of Fame (2000)Spouse(s): Wallace Benedict (m. 1911–1916), Walter Fuller (m. 1916–1927)Children: Jeffrey Fuller, Annis FullerNotable Quote: I am not interested in women just because theyre women. I am interested, however, in seeing that they are no longer classed with children an d minors. Early Life and Education Crystal Eastman was born in 1881 in Marlboro, Massachusetts, the daughter of two progressive parents. Her mother, as an ordained minister, had fought against restrictions on women’s roles.  Eastman attended  Vassar College, then Columbia University, and finally law school at New York University.  She graduated second in her law school class. Workers’ Compensation During her last year of education, she became involved in the circle of social reformers in Greenwich Village. She lived with her brother Max Eastman and other radicals. She was a part of the  Heterodoxy Club. Just out of college, she investigated workplace accidents, funded by the Russel Sage Foundation, and published her findings in 1910.  Her work led her to an appointment by the New York governor to the Employers’ Liability Commission, where she was the only female commissioner. She helped shape recommendations based on her workplace investigations, and in 1910, the legislature in New York adopted the first workers’ compensation program in America. Suffrage Eastman married Wallace Benedict in 1911. Her husband was an insurance agent in Milwaukee, and they moved to Wisconsin after getting married. There, she became involved in the campaign of 1911 to win a state woman’s suffrage amendment, which failed. By 1913, she and her husband were separated. From 1913 to 1914, Eastman served as an attorney, working for the federal Commission on Industrial Relations. The failure of the Wisconsin campaign led Eastman to the conclusion that work would be better focused on a national suffrage amendment. She joined  Alice Paul  and  Lucy Burns  in urging the  National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)  to change tactics and focus, helping to begin the Congressional Committee within the NAWSA in 1913. Finding the NAWSA would not change, later that year the organization separated from its parent and became the  Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, evolving into the National Woman’s Party in 1916.  She lectured and traveled to promote women’s suffrage. In 1920, when the suffrage movement won the vote, she published her essay, â€Å"Now We Can Begin.†Ã‚  The premise of the essay was that the vote was not the end of a struggle, but the beginning—a tool for women to become involved in political decision-making and address the many remaining feminist issues to promote women’s freedom. Eastman, Alice Paul, and several others wrote a proposed federal  Equal Rights Amendment  to work for further equality for women beyond the vote.  The ERA did not pass Congress until 1972, and not enough states ratified it by the deadline established by Congress. Peace Movement In 1914, Eastman also became involved in working for peace. She was among the founders of the Woman’s Peace Party, with Carrie Chapman Catt, and helped recruit  Jane Addams  to become involved. She and Jane Addams differed on many topics; Addams denounced the â€Å"casual sex† common in the younger Eastman’s circle. In 1914, Eastman became the executive secretary of the American Union Against Militarism (AUAM), whose members came to include even Woodrow Wilson. Eastman and brother Max published  The Masses, a socialist journal that was explicitly anti-militarist. By 1916, Eastman’s marriage formally ended with a divorce. She refused any alimony, on feminist grounds. She remarried the same year, this time to British antimilitarism activist and journalist Walter Fuller. They had two children and often worked together in their activism. When the United States entered the First World War, Eastman responded to the institution of the draft and of laws prohibiting criticism of the war by joining with Roger Baldwin and Norman Thomas to found a group within AUAM. The Civil Liberties Bureau that they initiated defended the right to be conscientious objectors to serving in the military, and also defended civil liberties including free speech. The Bureau evolved into the American Civil Liberties Union. The end of the war also marked the beginning of ​a separation from Eastman’s husband, who left to go back to London to find work. She occasionally traveled to London to visit him, and eventually established a home there for herself and her children, maintaining that â€Å"marriage under two roofs makes room for moods.† Death and Legacy Walter Fuller died after a stroke in 1927, and Eastman returned to New York with her children. She died the next year of nephritis. Friends took over the raising of her two children. Eastman and her brother Max published a socialist journal from 1917 to 1922 called the  Liberator, which had a circulation of 60,000 at its peak.  Her reform work, including her involvement with socialism, led to her blacklisting during the 1919–1920 Red Scare. During her career, she published many articles on the topics of interest to her, especially on social reform, women’s issues, and peace. After she was blacklisted, she found paying work primarily around feminist issues. In 2000, Eastman was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame for co-founding the ACLU as well as work on social issues, civil liberties, and womans suffrage. Sources Cott, Nancy F., and Elizabeth H. Pleck.  A Heritage of Her Own: Toward a New Social History of American Women. Simon and Schuster, 1979â€Å"Crystal Eastman.†Ã‚  American Civil Liberties Union.â€Å"Eastman, Crystal.†Ã‚  National Womens Hall of Fame.

Media s Influence On Public Opinion Essay - 1833 Words

In the last 80 years technology has advanced giving us various amounts and different types of medium in which we can source information from. When absorbing information, humans naturally conclude with an opinion. This essay will base around the issue that media does influence public opinion, in a way that the media uses different media effects and sources of medium to control the publics opinion. The subconscious media effects of Framing, Agenda setting and priming is used by the media in the method to control and alter the public opinion on a news story or political campaign. This essay will also look at several major media events throughout the last 80 years, drawing upon the examples of social media and war and how they have been structured and used to involve the media effecting peoples lives. Framing Media has been able to control and influence opinions of the public through news stories within the last 80 years through the development of framing. Framing is when a story or piece of news is portrayed in a certain way that is meant to control the audience’s opinion and attitude, to agree one way or the other that the media wants them to. The technique of framing can be seen as a controlling technique of journalism writing to sway or trick the audience to base their own opinion on what is being presented. The purpose of framing is a method so that public opinion cannot chose to go against what the story is intending the audience to agree with. Journalists argue theShow MoreRelatedSocial Media s Influence On Public Opinion And Attitudes967 Words   |  4 Pagesassistance of a wheelchair. Media, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the internet, and social media play a crucial role in influencing public opinion and attitudes. A choice of words, an image, or a message may determine perceptions, attitudes, or behaviors of society. 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Just around the corner waiting in a newspaper stand and flashing bright colors across our TVs. It seems like there is something being reported continuously every day. News and information are only a few taps away; unlimited knowledge now sits in almost anyone’s back pocket. All these new forms of media are changing everything. Political campaigns are not something we typically think about. To most people above the age of 18Read MoreThe Media: A Powerful Voice1088 Words   |  4 PagesThe Media is a powerful voice listened to by millions of Americans, as well as billions of people across the globe. For decades, the media has been an influential instrument in the political realm. In today’s politics, the media is a necessary part of the campaign process and is undoubtedly a powerful tool for candidates in getting their message to the public and the engine by which public opinion is formed. But just how powerful is the media? Dictionary.com defines the media as, â€Å"The means ofRead MoreThe Media s Impact On Public Opinion936 Words   |  4 PagesThe media has always had a powerful impact on public opinion in Britain. With several different types and means of communication, such as TV, newspapers, social networking and radio, it is difficult for the public to not be even slightly impacted by the opinion of thousands that surrounds them every day. However, with newspapers spinning stories to promote the party they favour (such as the Daily Mail in favour of Conservatives or the Mirror in favour of Labour ) or to disparage the opposition, isRead MoreThe Agenda Setting Model Can Guide The Public Opinion And Mass Communication1464 Words   |  6 Pagessetting. The agenda setting model can guide the public opinion and mass communication about some social or political issues. 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The government has control over major media players like the public media which include print and broadcasting media. Through its control of the public media it has greatly impede freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of information and freedom of opinion in the media. However, the government has manage to give some private players room toRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagescontrols the media, controls the mind†. The Media have become one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most Americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect of that is the fact that the media are very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media are expected to be educational. Public opinion relies on

Statistics and Operation Research

Question: Describe about the report of optimum production unit of the company for both machine is estimated and discussed to produce that machine much, which will provide more profit and operating cost will be least? Answer: Executive summary In this report of optimum production unit of the company for both machine is estimated and discussed to produce that machine much, which will provide more profit and operating cost will be least. Further, the report shows the profit margin of the company may be enhanced due to usage of linear programming in industrial application as it provides the accurate solution for the operational problem and further, it will be able to use it in different conditions of physical changes of the activities. Introduction In this report of production of machines for Body fitness 100 and 200, emphasize is given on the profit margin of the machine and operational hour of the machine. The numerical programming method is used for solving the constraints present in production with maintaining the profitability of the products. Further, it is also reported that two machines are to be produced in such a manner that Body Plus 200 must be of 25% of total production of the two machines. The cost and profit associated with the machines are estimated in the report and further, report consists of optimum profit margin for the company at optimum production level. Discussion Better Fitness is a company that is engaged in producing and selling of fitness machines in Freeport, Long Island. It is observed that in a trade show, the two new designed machines, Body Plus 100 and 200 have been appraised by the customers and distributors. Company got many orders exceeding the total capacity of the plant in the current period. For making the fitness machines, company needs raw materials costing total 1606 for body plus 100 and 2292 for body plus 200. The selling price of the two machines may not be more than the 2062.5 and 2812.5 respectively for Body Plus 100 and 200 respectively. Further, it is also estimated that company may not get time for the three activities equally as the management has decided to produce machine of Body plus 200 more than 25% of total production. The distributors of the company may not be able to buy the machines more than 25% of the marked price of two machines except in some different conditions. Therefore, companys management has d ecided to give more emphasize on Body Plus 200, although, there is no estimation from their side. Activities for Body Plus 100 There are four stages for making one Body Plus 100 frame unit, press station and pec-dec station. These four are the basic unit to be assembled for making the machine where the main activities are machining and welding, painting and packaging and testing and assembling. For ease of reporting purpose, the activities are termed as A1, A2 and A3 as said in the above order. For A1, A2 and A3, company needs total of 14 hours to complete one Body Plus 100. It is also observed that cost for each stage is different due to different requirements of raw materials. The labour charge per hour is also different for every activity as estimated by the management. Stages Raw material cost (in ) Activities Total cost Frame unit 550 Machining and welding Press station 400 Painting Pre-dec station 350 Testing and assembling Packaging 25 1375 Table 1: stages and raw material cost per unit (Source: created by author) Activities Frame unit Press station Pre-dec station Total time Total labour cost Machining and welding 4 1 1 6 120 Painting 2 1 2 5 75 Testing and assembling 3 36 14 231 Table 2: activity cost per unit of Body Plus 100 (Source: created by author) It is observed that to manufacture 1 Body plus 100, company needs to work 14 hour and it is also noted that it needs 1375 for raw material and labour charges of 231of making one machine. Activities for Body Plus 200 For Body Plus 200, the stages were increased one more from the previous machine there is leg-press station for making the machine. The details of the stages are as follows: Stages Raw material cost (in ) Activities Total cost Frame unit 750 Machining and welding Press station 500 Painting Pre-dec station 350 Testing and assembling Leg-press station 300 Packaging 25 1975 Table 3: stages and raw material cost per unit (Source: created by author) Activities Frame unit Press station Pre-dec station Leg-press station Total time Total labour cost Machining and welding 4 2 2 3 11 220 Painting 3 3 2 1 9 135 Testing and assembling 1 12 21 367 Table 4: activity cost per unit of Body Plus 200 (Source: created by author) Total cost for raw material for making 1 Body Plus 200 is 1975 and total labour charges associated with it is 367 as estimated in the table above. The labour cost is given in per hour as estimated and that is specific for machining and welding activity as 20 per hour and for painting 15 per hour. For testing and packaging, the labour cost is 12 per hour. The management has faced the problem of making decision on production units to be produced for the two machines separately. The volume must be in a number so that production may provide optimum position of the profitability and cost function of the company. The marked price for the two is considered as 2750 and 3750 for Body Plus 100 and 200 respectively. Distributors can afford to pay only 75% of the marked price of the machines. Considering the cost of machine production is C1 and C2, the constraints related to labour hour on every activity is estimated on basis of cost function of per unit. The constraints for the management are as follows: C1 = 0 C2 = 0 C1 + C2 = 0 C2 = (C1 + C2) / 4 C1 = 3 (C1 + C2) / 4 12000 = C1 + C2 = 340 6750 = C1 + C2 = 210 1680 = C1 + C2 = 48 The above equations provide the management to get the key constraints for solving the problems regarding the required units for producing within the period so that the cost of production becomes optimum. In the mean time, company needs to maintain the decision of producing the Body Plus 200 at least 25 % of total production. For solving this problem, the help of linear programming is considered as it is a branch of mathematics; specifically of operation research, which helps to evaluate the optimum solution of cost of production so that the optimum numbers of producing units may be estimated (Yang, 2008). According to Luenberger and Ye (2010), linear programming is a method of solving the linear equations where the problems arise due to obtain the best value of the constraints. For solving this problem the traditional method is to use the graphical method of calculation and another method is linear programming that helps to estimating in every activity of operation at an optimum cost (Bazaraa et al. 2010). The graphical method cannot solve more than three variables at a time while linear programming may solve problems with unknown numbers of variables. As opined by Derhy (2010), it is a process of optimization used in resource allocation efficiently. For using the LP in this model, the constraints are changed slightly in terms of cost of production activities for getting the results of unit to be produced in total and separately. Further, it is observed that cost of unit production activities are as follows BP 100 BP 200 total machining 120 220 340 paint 75 135 210 testing 36 12 48 raw material cost 1375 1925 3300 Table 5: per unit cost for both production (Source: created by author) Resources available for the production are of 20430 for labour cost for minimum production of one unit of each for Body Plus 100 and 200. Total cost for available resources are - 12000 for machining, 6750 for painting and 1680 for testing. Raw material cost may not be produced, as there is no information of maximum production capacity of the machines. Constraint function: 340 = resource available for machining = 12000 210 = painting = 6750 48 = testing = 1680 The analysis from the Appendix, shows that optimum production may be for the period will be 15354508083 and BP 100 must be produced of 13421773. The other machine must be produced of 53687091. The value provided here shows that company may produce BP 100 much more than BP 200. Recommendations It is recommended to the management of the company to produce the Body Plus 100 more than the Body Plus 200. However, the manager has decided to make a market of Body Plus 200 in case, for making a brand value of the product in future. However, it is observed that company has better profit in Body Plus 100 than the 200. Therefore, it is optimum to produce the BP 200 just 25% of total production. Further, it is also recommended that company must consider to sell body Plus 200 at higher price as it would provide much profit for the company. Conclusion From the above estimation, it is shown that company must evaluate the problems related to optimum operation using the linear programming, as this technique is good for getting better production capacity within the limited capacity and the constraints of production. Further, it is also advised that company may produce Body Plus 100 more than Body Plus 200 as that will be the optimum solution for the company and further, producing 25% Body Plus 200 of total production will provide company a chance to make its brand popular in future. Reference lists Bazaraa, M., Jarvis, J. and Sherali, H. (2010). Linear programming and network flows. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Derhy, M. (2010). Linear programming, sensitivity analysis and related topics. New York: Prentice Hall. Luenberger, D. and Ye, Y. (2010). Linear and nonlinear programming. New York: Springer. Yang, X. (2008). Introduction to mathematical optimization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge International Science Pub. Appendix BP 100 BP 200 unit profit 1144 1408 resource used resource available mchinig 120 220 340 0 12000 paint 75 135 210 0 6750 testing 36 12 48 0 1680 raw material cost 1375 1925 3300 BP 100 BP 200 total production production unit 13421773 53687091 15354508083

Training and Development as Related To Human Resource Management

Introduction With the current trends in globalization and trade liberalization, organizations can nowadays afford practically every asset that is needed for optimal production. Due to this fact, employees have remained the most valuable assets that an organization can use in order to build a comparative advantage over rival firms in which ever sector the organization invests in.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training and Development as Related To Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People or employees in an organization are usually associated with the skills they possess; the only asset rivals cannot copy. As a result this has made the human resource management and their practices to be accepted as one of the major strategic levers to ensure that there is continued success within organizations (Smith, 2006). Training of company employees has received much accreditation from the management by designing training programs that seek to address the specifics of the organization, which then helps in ensuring that the services or the output is received in a way that the company reaps the maximum benefits. In designing these programs, the human resource department works very hard by assessing the needs for the training where the training is all that necessary or not. Training Needs Analysis In order to assess the training needs, the Human Resource (HR) department can decide to conduct an organizational analysis. It is preferred by many organizations since it takes into consideration the organization’s traditions, strategies and the general environment and how the training is likely to improve the business situation. The human resource can also perform the job or task analysis where training is usually done depending on the needs of that job. In order to improve the delivery of the job the skills and abilities an employee possesses are usually analyzed. The Human Reso urce can also train the employees depending on the required needs. Lastly, they can also conduct the employee analysis where the HR determines the current skills that the employee is in possession of and then train the employee depending on the expectations or the levels the employee should attain. Training and Evaluation There are several methods through which the Human Resource can train the employees in order to make sure the new training needs are delivered efficiently. Examples of the training methods include: A classroom setting where an instructor teaches or trains the employees by interacting with them. They can also use computer based training which incorporates the classroom training and Tele training. Organizations using computers to train the employees do so by introducing software which seeks to advance their skills. To make the training successful, the training objectives should be written properly in order to be able to decide on the contents, methodology and duration of tackling the needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the importance of training, the HR can either classify the training as technical or behavioral training whereby, the skills or the technical type focuses on providing the learning competencies related to the employee knowledge and skills while behavioral on the other hand ensures learning competencies related to the employee attitude and habits are learnt and adhered to. Evaluation is the last phase and it is usually concerned with the measurement of the training success or the effectiveness to establish whether an investment in a particular training has paid off. The effectiveness is based on the previous set objectives and results while considering the needs, methods, and the other areas of training administration. The valuation of the training program can be done depending on the reaction, learning, behavior al change and finally the impact to the society which measures the effect of the training on the unit where the trainees belong and on the entire organization (Edralin, 2004). Conclusion With employees becoming the most valuable asset a company or an organization can possess, it has thus become important for organizations to create effective and efficient work force in order to achieve the competitive edge over other organization. To make this possible, organizations have embarked on trainings that seek to perfect and introduce new skills to employees in order to ensure an organization remains a success and way above the others. Reference List Edralin, D.M. (2004). Training: A strategic HRM function. Vol.7, No.4. De La Salle University. Web. Smith A. (2006). Human Resource Practices for a Changing Environment. Web. This essay on Training and Development as Related To Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Elianna Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Legalization of Marijuana essays

Legalization of Marijuana essays Most Americans dont realize how extreme the war on Marijuana actually is. Since 1965 there have been over 9 million arrests for Marijuana law violations. Over 7 million of these arrests were for possession of personal amounts (Hightimes 1). The average time served in prison for selling Marijuana is four years, compared with just one year for rape or manslaughter (Drugsense 1). Our country treats drug crime as more important than our God-given, constitutionally protected rights. It puts more emphasis on Marijuana than it does on violent crime. These are facts which need to change. Why is Marijuana illegal? The adverse health effects of marijuana are still unproven and it is known to be a rather soft drug, yet it is still illegal, even though alcohol and tobacco, which are other soft drugs, are not. The reason for this is that Marijuana is a gateway drug. It is a soft-illegal drug that opens the gate between less dangerous legal drugs and hard-illegal narcotics. LSD, ecstasy, mushrooms, cocaine, heroin and other hard drugs all have seriously harmful side-effects which can range from permanent psychosis to death, and this is why Marijuana is feared. Who has the most to fear from marijuana legalization parents. They fear that if marijuana is legal more kids will smoke it and use hard illicit drugs. The fact is that legalizing marijuana will help protect America's children from more potentially dangerous drugs. Juvenile marijuana use is inevitable. The real fear, though, is that this will lead to an increase in hard drug use. This is not true. Legalizing marijuana will finally close the gateway between legal drugs and illegal drugs. Marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco will be known as legal and reasonably safe whereas hard drugs will be known as illegal and extremely dangerous. Recreational marijuana users are not the only people hurt by the prohibition of marijuana. There are hundreds ...

Shakira (2pages) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shakira (2pages) - Research Paper Example She is known worldwide for her art of singing, dancing and writing that makes her one of the most liked artists of the world. (Shakira Espanol, 2011). The flavour that she adds to the parties and attraction that people feel in her singing performances, shall be elaborated upon in paragraphs to follows. Shakira was born in Barranquilla, Colombia. Her father was a jeweller. Her mother chose many names for her but finally Shakira was agreed upon. Shakira means â€Å"thankful† in Arabic language. Shakira’s father took great care to groom his daughter for future challenges.Shakira started reading things at the age of three. She started belly dance at the age of four without taking guidance from anybody. She was abit weak in studies and was mostly found absentminded.(Shakira Espanol, 2011) Her work in the fields of music and dance was always highly appreciated in Latin America. She got her numerous albums recorded in the early age and got fame worldwide. She has the mastery o f singing and writing in Spanish and American. (Shakira Espanol, 2011) Shakira has been gifted with a very pleasant personality. Her charming face is the main cause of her success. Whenever she is addressing the audience or speaking to the camera, she is always smiling. She conveys very romantic feelings to audience during singing and belly dance to amuse the people.

Swot analysis for passaic court house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Swot analysis for passaic court house - Essay Example It examines, in detail these aspects of my organization, and identifies how the organization can use this strength in advancing its objectives. Under the internal analysis, this paper also identifies the weaknesses of the Passaic Court House. It gives in detail, how the organization can use this information to reduce the threats that might emanate from its own weaknesses. This paper also gives an in-depth discussion on how the employees at the Passaic court house can use the resources at their disposal to achieve the goals and objectives of the business organization. The departments under review are the office of the prosecutor, the human resource department, Finance and Accounting, and the management office. This paper also analyzes the external environment of the Passaic Court House. The analysis includes the opportunities and the threats the organization faces. In analyzing the external environment in which the Passaic Court House operates, this paper takes into consideration the the demographic, and the economic environment. This paper analyzes how these factors create opportunities and threats to the affairs of the Passaic Court House. This paper provides recommendations that could help the organization to take advantage of the opportunities it has, and reduce the threats it faces. It outlines how these actions will work, and the process of implementing them at the Passaic Court House. The Passaic court house has the ability to attract highly skilled and competent staff. This is a major strength of the business organization, and it is made possible because of the human resource policies of the organization.

Developing a game levels

Developing a game levels ABSTRACT: This dissertation is focused on the Current FPS Game Levels Played and Suggests how to Develop a Game level based on a gamers Feed backs. The full content and the Procedure of the Dissertation is based on experiences and first hand research In this dissertation you find all the needed data about how to create a level and the proper procedure of developing a level based on Gamers feed back. The process explained in this dissertation is much simpler and organized for the current generation of gaming We shall discuss on how to start of by understanding the current generation of Gamers and how to create a proper game level with the researched data. This dissertation explains the procedure thoroughly in such a way that it can be implemented at any given generations of gaming. The procedure can be used by any game designer. They can use the implemented data and get optimal result based on their first hand research. AIM: To analyze the perceptions of gamers and to develop a proper game level using their feed backs OBEJECTIVE: To explain the procedure for a proper game level To analyze the current status of gaming To evaluate the research data and come out with a proper conclusion To analyze the dos and donts for creating a level To provide a guideline to level designers to use researched materials To make a recommendation for creating a proper level in future METHODS: Establishing a targeted audiences A survey of current practice in different types of levels A survey of current practice in different types of themes used in levels A survey of current practice in different types of genres A series of case studies about the most popular levels A review of historical perspective of level designing A qualitative evaluation of gamers review Summary of Chapters Describing what is a game level The first phase is Introduction and brief history about level design. Readers will get a brief introduction about the topic and will also get to read some of the brief history Preparing for survey research The second phase is preparing a proper survey question for the audience. This phase is really important and will make you understand the current generation of gaming Establishing Targeted Audiences The third phase explains about choosing the right audiences for your research Interviewing them Individually The fourth phase will a face 2 face interview with the gamers and asking them questions according to the survey Analyzing the Researched Data The Fifth phase will be analyze all the researched data and create a proper chart of everything Pre Production ( Concepts Layouts And Design) The sixth phase we have to create concept arts and layouts according to the Chart Production ( Prototype and Modeling the Map) The Seventh Phase is the production part. Where we will be creating a proper prototype and then move on to creating the level Post Production ( lighting, Effects and Finalization) The Eighth phase is the finalization phase. Where we should have a proper working level. Then testing and balancing the level Selling your level The final phase is how to release and sell your level Introduction: Building levels is one of the most challenging and rewarding experiences I can think of. Taking pure imagination and making it come alive is absolutely addictive-a creative process so immersive and consuming that youll start craving it when you havent done it for too long. Some people think the fun is in playing the game, but, for a few special people, creating and building the environments in which other people play causes mere game playing to pale in comparison. If youre reading this book, you are probably one of those special people who have that compulsion to create, and, with your creation, entertain. Level design is a mixture of art and science. Level design requires artistic skills and as well as extensive technical knowledge. Any level designer with professional skills will no succeed by grasping current generation of gaming, game flow and pacing. A level designer who understands this structure has no architectural or Art experience will fail as well. Level designing is creations of levels in which the player interacts with the game environment to play in the game universe. A level is created by using the level design tools in an existing engine or even a new engine can be created to create your own level design according to your user interface and shortcuts. Many famous company usually develop there own level editor. This way they can keep up with the current generation of gaming and save a lot a time. Creating a level design might be easy for any level designer but the main question will the level sell or liked by the gamers? At least more than 100 of levels are posted online for different games out of which only very few get chosen and liked by gamers. The whole point of level design is How addictive and competitive is your level? Will it be played again and again? Will it sell in the market? In this dissertation you will get to see a complete guide on how to create a game level based on gamers feedback. And give you a complete solution on developing a working level which will sell in the market easily. The methods described in this dissertation can be analyzed and used at time of the gaming generation. The whole process revolves in an around gamers of current gaming generations. This dissertation is specially designed for wide range of people. Actually, the first priority group for this dissertation is game level designers. And this dissertation also explains how a level can be created by using the feedbacks of current generation of gaming. This dissertation is should be read from start to finish because you come to know that each chapter has it own meaning and importance. Chapter 1: Describing what is a game level Level designing is the creations of levels in a level editor by a level designer. To create a proper level design by a level designer needs artistic as well as architectural skills. Level is one who is never afraid to step back and re-correcting their content. A great designer needs to throw content out or work on concepts that needs attention A level designer creates a level try to sell it and make it famous it doesnt work why because the level? Have mention the reason below concept is boring and repetitive Themes are repetitive and not new Is not built properly Doesnt understand the current gaming generation Proper obstacles are not used It is extremely important for a level designer to recognize a proper level. Instead of making a same level which concept is already used? They should try to come out with something really new when his work is not coming together. In one instance a games become tired of playing the same level with the same and boring content over and over. A great level might gets scrapped or reworked because a designing cycle is dragging on and a gamers who plays it feels the work is not as fresh and new. A designer must recognize that their view is tainted. One good possibilities of creating a good level is by understanding the gamers of the current gaming generations History: In the earlier days there was no such thing has level designer. Everything was done by the programmer. So basically the game programmer does the programming part and the level designing part. The Beginning 1975-1980 In the beginning people never really cared about the levels in the games are played because. The first games where were developed didnt need that much of attention for levels. MUDs was one of the firsts games that actually required a lots of attention and time to the level designs .This Game was developed by Ralph Koster, Brad McQuaid, Mark Jacobs, Brian Green and J.Todd Coleman. A MUD ( multi-user dungeon ), is a multi-user real-time virtual world which is described entirely in text. Basically the game is a text based game. It have different features of elements like RPG ( role-playing-games), Interactive fictions and online chatting. Users actually got to see a lot in this game because of the details of the description such as rooms, object, other players, non-players characters, and actions performed in the virtual world Players interacts with each other by typing in commands. The designers where assigned to create new paths, design and tools for this game. The game interface used in this was ZZT, which was a early notable interface for mapping and event scripting, and it is still gentlest way to introduce a person to a level layout. Then later on game in 1978 the game Space invaders was created by Tomohiro Nishikado Space invaders was a two-dimensional game were you have to control a spaceship shooting at alien moving forward towards you. The whole was created and designed by Tomohiro Nishikado Himself. There was not much of details for the level of this game. But later on when it was popular in the market Different version was released in 2D and 3D In 1978 the famous game Adventure was created in Atari. This game was created based on the text based game called as Colossal Cave Adventure This game was developed by Atari and the designer of this game was Warrenn Robinnett the level designed in this game are simple maze where the players has to find the key get to the door by dodging all the obstacles and enemies on his way In the Middle (1980-1998) In 1980 The great game which is still played now was created. The game Pac Man It was the most best played in the earlier 80s. The creator of the game was Toru Iwantani He developed and as well as designed the game fully. If you see level of the game is a maze which makes the game more interesting. This game was so popular that later on it manufacture again with more difficulty and designs In 1985, the famous side scroller 2D game was created Super Mario Bros was created by Shingeru Miramato. He was a designer for Nintendo. The 2D level were very simple but yet realistic and nice at that time of gaming generation people played this game over and over and were still not bored of it. There were totally 4 types of different stages in this. The stages of this game had many obstacles and enemies which made the game more interesting In 1993, the first fps (first person shooter) game was released. Wolfenstein 3D this game was created by using a Software called ID software by john carmack. The levels in this game are like mazes. Your main goal is to escape out of the maze like prison. The level designed in this are not that much detailed. Most of the walls and the ceiling have the same color. It was pretty difficult but the game was fun and really enjoyed by the users The Change 1998-2009 In 1998, the game Unreal released and was a massive hit. The game unreal was created by epic games and was really famous for its graphics and sound effects which mad the game so realistic. The unreal released there unreal engine which was so much advanced and better compared to id software which created games like Wolfenstein 3d, Doom etc If you play the game unreal you see that the levels are really scaring and the effects of the game are really incredible. Unreal boosted the expectations of 3D graphics considerably. Unreal was one of the first games which used detailed textures. When player stand next to an object or wall the textures detail will fade in and make look more realistic instead of showing it blurry like other games. The lighting effects took time to develop but the result of it was incredible because the course of the development occurred during the emergence and rapid progression of hardware 3D accelerators. So , with the advanced software 3D render. CHAPTER 2: Preparing for Research Survey In this Chapter you will learn Researching about current gaming Generation Planning your Survey Research Preparing the proper question Research about games played and the market viability Preparing your Survey question Preparing your Survey Form Knowing about current gaming generation: Gaming generations are defined as the video games released from the day of existence till now. The generations are In 1970, the first generation also known as golden age of video games was the phase when people came to know the existence of gaming. This was the time when the first generations of consoles were released. For example the Brown Box these consoles got famous among the people because of the release of revolutionary technology. Then in the first generation the main frame computers were released. Later on the Home computers were introduced to programmers were they get to program simple games. In 1977, the Second generation of gaming started was the earliest consoles were made. In this generation the video games were found on cartridges, with the release of the Fairchild Video Entertainment System (VES). The games were programmed and burned onto a ROM chip which was mounted on a cartridge which will be plugged into slots on the console Three machines which dominated Second generation consoles are. Video Computer System ( VCS) Intellivision ColecoVision In 1983, the third generation was the innovation of genre, in this period the different types of genres were introduced to the Market. Such as Adventure, Fighting, Maze games, Platform Etc. The gaming computers were introduced with basic programming environment and advanced graphics. The famous consoles of this generation were the Nintendo 8 bit console and sega masters console. In 1990, the fourth generation was a change from transition from pixels to full 3D graphics and the rise of several new genres such as FPS ( first-person shooter) and RPG (Role playing games) . Mobile Phone gaming was introduced in this generation. Some of the famous console of this generation is the Sega mega drive and the super nes. The CD-ROM drives were first introduced in this generation. For the Pc games and Basic 3D graphics entered the main stream with flat shaded polygons which made the gaming more famous in this generation. In 1993, the fifth generation gaming was full on with CDs and not with Cartridges. In this period lot of companies released console with 3DO Interactive Multiplayer. The fifth generation was famous because of fully 3D games. Transitions to 3D and CDs happened in this generation. Most of the Designer moved from 2D to full 3D genre games. Some of the famous consoles of this generation are Sony playstation, Sega jaguar In 1998, the sixth generation gaming the gaming level was way beyond compared to the past were all the people switched to full 3D gaming and the rise of alternate controllers and also online gaming rises to prominence like online MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) were introduced. The rise of pc causal games such as Bejeweled, Dinner Dash which really addictive among the adults. Some of the consoles of this Generation are Playstation2, Microsoft XBOX Game boy Advanced Etc. Since 2004, the current (Seventh) generation of gamers has taken effect. In the starting some of the handheld consoles were introduced with 3D graphics. (PSP, Nintendo DS) which was really famous among people. The Seventh generation of consoles was released by the well known companies (Sony playstaion3, Microsoft Xbox360 and Nintendo Wii) which is still famous among people and most played currently. Apple inc. enters the realm of gaming by bringing iPhone and iTouch. The computer gaming was way beyond imagination with high end 3D graphics. Famous company Nvidia Introduced the new 3D goggles for the feel of realistic 3D effect sitting at home.

Propaganda Essay -- essays research papers

Distorted Mirror of Reality â€Å"All propaganda must be popular and its intellectual level must be adjusted to the most limited intelligence among those it is addressed to, consequently, the greater the mass it is intended to reach, the lower its purely intellectual level will have to be.† ~Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf â€Å"Psychology of Propaganda† Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and unstable economy. Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism. It promotes celebrating the nation or the race as a pure community surpassing all other loyalties. This right-wing political philosophy will even advocate violent action to maintain this loyalty which is held in such high regards. The most recognized name that goes along with Fascism is Germany’s Adolf Hitler, a founder of the Nazi party who rose to power in 1933. Some of the central mythic goals of National Socialist movement in 1930’s Germany were to: activate â€Å"the people† as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies, to create a pure nation of unity, and to establish ultimate control of one supreme leader, Hitler, from whom all power proceeds downward. Nationalism thus became a central component of the Third Reich. As a result, art of propaganda was considered to be the most crucial element in establishing the new Reich as envisioned by Hitler. Politics and aesthetics seemingly united in this context. Art became a cultural and political mission in Germany and it led to an increase in ethnic propaganda. This essay, therefore, will analytically discuss the mythic context of Hitler’s Race and Nation and Leni Riefenstahl’s film, Triumph of the Will by examining its significance within Nazi conceptions of Aryanism and art. Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf (My Struggle) dwells on his views on the significance of race in culture and social systems, and particularly on his perception of the role of Aryans and Jews in culture creation and destruction. In order to bring together and gain support from the majority of the nation Hitler praises the mythical importance of Aryan race,... ...ent. Riefenstahl's shooting of the film brings out not only the spoken content of the Nazi mythology, but also expresses their ideals through heavy visual imagery. Clearly in the beginning of the movie we observe the birth of a myth when a serious and gloomy atmosphere surrounds the mythic message with the titles, â€Å"16 years after the German woe began...† then changes to an uplifting mood when the titles say, â€Å"19 months after the beginning of Germany's rebirth...† We sense almost unbearable tension of anticipation as represented through the music and the lighting, later the tone of the music gets somewhat subdued and turns into something dreamy, mystical while we see the billowing clouds. When the silhouette of Nuremberg appears through the clouds the music turns into the Nazi anthem, which continues while we see the shadow of the plane over the marching columns of storm troopers. This demonstrates the significance of the music for creating the desired emot ional impression among the viewers. Also, one must not underestimate the importance of the national anthem in the attempts of a party to ascertain that they are the â€Å"only† party that â€Å"truly† represents the people and the nation.

Events: Event Management Essay

Event in a single word means a â€Å"happening†. There are many in our lives. Many of them personal and many relating to a business. While traveling to work you might see or meet a celebrity. It is an event for you. At work you might get a promotion. It is an event. Your company merges with a multinational corporation. It is an event. On your way back from work you meet your former sweet heart and have coffee with him/her. It is an event. When you return home your spouse informs you that the neighbors’ daughter ran off with your cook. It is an event. What is Management? Management is the ability of an individual or an organized group to achieve the result desired by the individual/group within the ambit of constraints imposed by the internal and external environment. A working couple desire to own a house and a motorcar from their earnings. The internal environment is, what is their disposable income, what are their current savings, how much more can they save, what is the area of house they desire and which type of car. Can they adjust to the new situation of spending less without any internal disputes between them? Can they take on the added responsibilities of paying EMI’s for both the new assets? And many more questions & issues. The external environment is the presumption of no increase in taxes, stability of employment, availability of loans for both assets at reasonable rates of interest, cost of both the assets as envisaged and other related issues. If both match substantially you have â€Å"managed† your personal objectives. However, if you find that the internal environment result in a mismatch of cash flow you may drop the idea of buying a car initially or you may decide to buy a smaller house or may decide to shift your residence to distant suburbs or may decide to postpone your decision of purchase to another period till the internal environment is more conducive. You have once again been â€Å"managed† by a change / alteration in personal objectives. In business the situation is the same. You want to start your own business in events. Your internal environment is. Your ability to bring in capital. Your ability to raise loans. Your connections with the industry, your leadership, marketing, financial abilities, your vision, your objectives, your objectives, your place to do the business, your staffing capabilities , your ability to take risks and other related issues. The external environment will be: Competition in the industry, Stability of the macro economic factors, the spend on the event business/industry, availability of competent Staff at the right costs, availability of the right office, godown, workshop space to suit your budget, the willingness of contacts to network for your cause, availability of finance at right rates, legal aspects of event business and other related issues. If both your internal and external environment suits your situation you are in the â€Å"event business â€Å"or for that matter any business. If the law bans â€Å"entertainment events† you may change your objectives and do only corporate/religious events. IF workshop space far exceeds your budget cost you may outsource parts of production to production – house; you have â€Å"managed†. Event Management â€Å"Event Management means and includes strategically and competently managing an organized â€Å"happening† so that the goals/objectives/purpose of holding that event are substantially achieved by allocation of resources on hand so maximum advantage both economic and strategic is achieved. An event is generally planned well in advance in a logical and coordinated manner as there are no retakes in an event. In many cases â€Å"Event Management† is synonymous with â€Å"Disaster Management†. In an event disaster is waiting to happen. A planned well coordinated event averts or at best mitigates a disaster. Event Management essentially is part of a marketing exercise. We are aware that Marketing is categorized into Indirect Marketing and Direct Marketing. Indirect Marketing is essentially advertising and publicity. The message is addressed to the world at large which includes that segment of the market which is prospects and probable converts to the brand/product/service advertised and/or publicized. The reach of advertising/publicity is substantial and a variety of mediums are used to solicit custom of the world at large. It has proved substantially effective which is evidenced by huge spends on advertising more specifically by corporate and business. As opposed to that, Direct Marketing is addressed to a specific audience or a target segment, be it in the form of Direct Mailers, Tele Marketing, P.R. Meets, Salesmanship, Emails and Events. In case of Direct Marketing the focus is clear and the audience/target is specific. Event Management as Part of Direct Marketing: Designing and producing an event – whether it be a meeting, corporate event, fund-raising gala, conference, convention, incentive or other special event such as a wedding has been compared to directing a movie but is actually more like a live stage production. It is done in one take and there no dress rehearsals. An event is the reflection of the corporate entity. It is part of the direct marketing the corporate has programmed. It gives direct access to the target market which it needs to address, be it a sales conference, a fund raiser, a religious sammellan, a road show or any other event. An event gives the corporate a focus on the right audience and keeps in making the audience aware of the policies, programs, the marketing of ideas to this target group. There is a direct exchange of information between the corporate and its target audience. It creates a bond between the management and the audience for whom the event has been organized. An event is that aspect of Direct Marketing where the communication it proposes to convey is not dissipated nor it is to the world at large. It is narrowed to that segment or group with whom the corporate/management needs to identify with. Events are big business the world over and there are professional firms who organize the set up of such events. Events actually flow from the marketing or the corporate team in any large organization. It is these teams that decide whether an event will help in furtherance of the marketing plan and how and to whom the event needs to be addressed. Once the holding of an event is decided upon, the major part of organizing of an event is looked into. This will include the theme, the place and the logistics. And of course the budget. In India the event industry is in a nascent stage. The industry is disorganized and every individual who organizes a birthday party classifies himself as an event manager. There are very few firms in the country who organize and set up events as professionals with a proper vision, infrastructure, systems and personnel. Correct figures are not available but it is estimated that corporate spends are around Five Thousand Million rupees in the organization of events annually and with globalization and influx of multinationals; the industry is expected to grow at a phenomenal 50% per year. The first series of questions the corporate management/marketing team needs to ask are: 1. Should I hold an event? 2. Which target group needs to be addressed at the event? 3. What are the funds required to stage an event? 4. Can the company afford to set aside part of the marketing budget for organizing an event? 5. Is the purpose of the event important to justify the outlay? 6. What would be the benefits accruing to me both financially as well as strategically? The same questions, in a different format, are applicable to non–corporate events. Take â€Å"Weddings† for example. Wedding is a social/personal event. To put it in the humorous text â€Å"it is a public display of a private intention†. It has a target audience of friends, relatives and business associates. It has a theme, strategy and budgetary constraints. It is a happening of a lifetime, which should be remembered not only by the bridal couple and their immediate families but also by all the invitees. Many times it is more complex in execution as compared to corporate events. It is estimated by India Today in one of its 2007 – 2008 issues, the Indian Wedding Industry to be worth about Rs 50,000 cores. This includes everything. From jewelry, to clothes, to food and beverage, venues, ceremonies of various events connect with the wedding.

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